学英语 虚拟语气的使用

虚拟语气在现代英语中有些微不足道,你会经常在美式英语中,而且是书面语中见到虚拟语气的形式。

大多数情况下,动词在虚拟语气和陈述语气中的形式是一样的,所以你很有可能搞不清楚到底是不是虚拟语气。虚拟语气的标志是动词没有第三人称的变化,动词be在一般现在时中保持be的形式,在过去时中是were.

虚拟语气常用在固定短语中:

God save the Queen! 愿神佑我女王!

Long live the King! 国王万岁!

Be that as it may. 尽管如此。

某些动词demand, insist, recommend还有suggest,和形容词essential, important还有vital的后面连接that+虚拟语气(subjunctive),来表达某事一定要被完成。

People demand that the troops be withdrawn.

It is important that everyone register.

虚拟语气的句子显得非常正式,所以有时要用到助动词。如果不需要助动词就能表达的很清楚,也可以使用陈述语气 。比如上面的2个句子可以写成:

People demand that the troops are withdrawn.

People demand that the troops should be withdrawn.

It is important that everyone registers.

所以我们要注意区分虚拟语气和陈述语气的差别,看句子:

She insisted that he be present. 是她想要他到那里去,这是虚拟语气。

等同于She wanted him to be there.

She insisted that he was present. 说明她知道他已经在那里了,这是陈述语气。

等同于 She knew that he really was there

我们还要注意,do不用在虚拟语气的否定句中。

She insisted that henot be present.

对于无法实现的愿望和希望,我们使用虚拟语气来表达。除了be的所有动词在虚拟语气中的形式和在陈述语气中的形式是一样的。

I wish, I had a million dollar.

I wish, Iwerea millionaire. 动词be对应的是were.

Jason老师之前的文章《英语语法 如何使用条件句》中提到过这样的结构:If I were you, …这也是虚拟语气。